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The Visual Arts Performing Arts and Literary Arts Are All Examples of

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Human expression, usually influenced past culture

This article is about the group of artistic disciplines. For the concept of fine art, encounter Fine art. For other uses, see Art (disambiguation).

"Arts" redirects here. For the acronym, see ARTS.

The arts are a very wide range of man practices of creative expression, storytelling and cultural participation. They encompass multiple diverse and plural modes of thinking, doing and being, in an extremely wide range of media. Both highly dynamic and a characteristically constant characteristic of human life, they have developed into innovative, stylized and sometimes intricate forms. This is often achieved through sustained and deliberate written report, training and/or theorizing within a particular tradition, across generations and even between civilizations. The arts are a vehicle through which homo beings cultivate distinct social, cultural and individual identities, while transmitting values, impressions, judgments, ideas, visions, spiritual meanings, patterns of life and experiences across time and space.

Prominent examples of the arts include compages, visual arts (including ceramics, cartoon, filmmaking, painting, photography, and sculpting), literary arts (including fiction, drama, poetry, and prose), performing arts (including dance, music, and theatre), textiles and fashion, folk art and handicraft, oral storytelling, conceptual and installation art, criticism, and culinary arts (including cooking, chocolate making and winemaking). They can employ skill and imagination to produce objects, performances, convey insights and experiences, and construct new environments and spaces.

The arts tin can refer to common, pop or everyday practices as well as more than sophisticated and systematic, or institutionalized ones. They can be detached and self-independent, or combine and interweave with other art forms, such as the combination of artwork with the written give-and-take in comics. They tin also develop or contribute to some particular attribute of a more complex art form, every bit in cinematography.

By definition, the arts themselves are open up to beingness continually re-defined. The practice of modern art, for example, is a testament to the shifting boundaries, improvisation and experimentation, reflexive nature, and self-criticism or questioning that art and its weather condition of production, reception, and possibility can undergo.

As both a means of developing capacities of attending and sensitivity, and as ends in themselves, the arts can simultaneously be a form of response to the world, and a style that our responses, and what we deem worthwhile goals or pursuits, are transformed. From prehistoric cave paintings, to ancient and gimmicky forms of ritual, to modern-solar day films, art has served to register, embody and preserve our e'er shifting relationships to each other and to the world.

Definition

In that location are several possible meanings for the definitions of the terms Art and Arts.[a] The first meaning of the word fine art is « manner of doing ».[ane] The most basic present meaning defines the arts as specific activities that produce sensitivity in humans.[ii] The arts are also referred to equally bringing together all creative and imaginative activities, without including scientific discipline.[b] [3] [four] In its nearly basic abstract definition, art is a documented expression of a sentient being through or on an accessible medium then that anyone can view, hear or experience it. The deed itself of producing an expression can besides exist referred to equally a certain art, or as art in general. Whether this solidified expression, or the act of producing it, is "good" or has value depends on those who admission and rate information technology. Such public rating is dependent on various subjective factors. Merriam-Webster defines "the arts" every bit "painting, sculpture, music, theatre, literature, etc., considered as a group of activities done past people with skill and imagination."[five] Similarly, the United States Congress, in the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Human activity, divers "the arts" every bit follows:

The term "the arts" includes, just is not limited to, music (instrumental and song), dance, drama, folk art, artistic writing, architecture and allied fields, painting, sculpture, photography, graphic and craft arts, industrial design, costume and mode design, motion pictures, television, radio, film, video, tape and audio recording, the arts related to the presentation, functioning, execution, and exhibition of such major art forms, all those traditional arts practiced by the diverse peoples of this country. (sic) and the study and application of the arts to the human environment.[6]

Fine art is a global activity in which a large number of disciplines are included, such every bit: fine arts, liberal arts, visual arts, decorative arts, applied arts, design, crafts, performing arts,[three] ... We are talking about "the arts" when several of them are mentioned: "Every bit in all arts the enjoyment increases with the knowledge of the fine art".[7]

The arts can be divided into several areas, the fine arts which bring together, in the broad sense, all the arts whose aim is to produce truthful aesthetic pleasure,[eight] decorative arts and practical arts which relate to an aesthetic side in everyday life.[nine]

History

The earliest surviving form of any of the arts are cave paintings, peradventure from seventy,000 BCE, only definitely from at to the lowest degree xl,000 BCE.[ten] The oldest known instrument, the purported Divje Baby Flute—made from a young cave bear femur—is dated to 43,000 and 82,000 BCE, but whether it is truly a musical musical instrument (or an object created past animals) remains extremely controversial.[11] The earliest objects whose designations as musical instruments are widely accepted are 8 bone flutes from the Swabian Jura, Germany; 3 of these from the Geissenklösterle are dated as the oldest, c.  43,150–39,370 BP.[12] The primeval surviving literature appears much afterward; the Instructions of Shuruppak and Kesh temple hymn amongst other Sumerian cuneiform tablets, are thought to only be from 2600 BCE.[13]

In Aboriginal Greece, all art and craft was referred to by the same word, techne. Thus, there was no distinction among the arts. Ancient Greek art brought the veneration of the animal course and the development of equivalent skills to testify musculature, poise, dazzler, and anatomically right proportions. Aboriginal Roman art depicted gods every bit idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features (e.g. Zeus' thunderbolt). In Byzantine and Gothic art of the Eye Ages, the authorisation of the church insisted on the expression of biblical truths. Eastern art has generally worked in a style alike to Western medieval fine art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (pregnant the obviously colour of an object, such equally bones scarlet for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is ofttimes defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the drawing). This is evident in, for example, the fine art of India, Tibet and Japan. Religious Islamic fine art forbids iconography, and instead expresses religious ideas through calligraphy and geometrical designs.

Classifications

In the Centre Ages, the Artes Liberales (liberal arts) were taught in universities as part of the Trivium, an introductory curriculum involving grammer, rhetoric, and logic,[14] and of the Quadrivium, a curriculum involving the "mathematical arts" of arithmetics, geometry, music, and astronomy.[xv] The Artes Mechanicae (consisting of vestiaria – tailoring and weaving; agricultura – agriculture; architectura – architecture and masonry; militia and venatoria – warfare, hunting, military education, and the martial arts; mercatura – trade; coquinaria – cooking; and metallaria – blacksmithing and metallurgy)[16] [ non specific enough to verify ] were practised and developed in guild environments. The modern stardom between "artistic" and "non-artistic" skills did not develop until the Renaissance. In modern academia, the arts are usually grouped with or as a subset of the humanities. Some subjects in the humanities are history, linguistics, literature, theology, philosophy, and logic.

The arts accept also been classified as seven: painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, performing and cinema. Some view literature, painting, sculpture, and music as the main four arts, of which the others are derivative; drama is literature with interim, trip the light fantastic is music expressed through movement, and song is music with literature and vocalisation.[17] Film is sometimes called the "8th" and comics the "9th fine art".[xviii]

Visual arts

Architecture

Architecture is the art and scientific discipline of designing buildings and structures. The word architecture comes from the Greek arkhitekton, "chief builder, director of works," from αρχι- (arkhi) "chief" + τεκτων (tekton) "builder, carpenter".[19] A wider definition would include the design of the built surroundings, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design, and mural architecture to the microlevel of creating furniture. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and price for the builder, as well as function and aesthetics for the user.

In modern usage, architecture is the art and subject of creating, or inferring an implied or credible plan of, a circuitous object or arrangement. The term can exist used to connote the implied architecture of abstract things such every bit music or mathematics, the apparent architecture of natural things, such as geological formations or the structure of biological cells, or explicitly planned architectures of human-made things such as software, computers, enterprises, and databases, in improver to buildings. In every usage, an compages may exist seen every bit a subjective mapping from a human being perspective (that of the user in the instance of abstract or physical artifacts) to the elements or components of some kind of structure or system, which preserves the relationships amid the elements or components. Planned compages manipulates space, volume, texture, light, shadow, or abstract elements in social club to achieve pleasing aesthetics. This distinguishes it from practical science or engineering science, which usually concentrate more on the functional and feasibility aspects of the blueprint of constructions or structures.

In the field of building architecture, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more complex, such as for a hospital or a stadium, to the apparently simpler, such every bit planning residential houses. Many architectural works may exist seen as well equally cultural and political symbols, or works of art. The function of the builder, though changing, has been primal to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people alive.

Ceramics

Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials (including clay), which may take forms such every bit pottery, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. While some ceramic products are considered fine art, some are considered to be decorative, industrial, or applied art objects. Ceramics may also exist considered artefacts in archaeology. Ceramic art tin be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic manufactory, a grouping of people design, manufacture, and decorate the pottery. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to as "art pottery." In a 1-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. In modern ceramic engineering usage, "ceramics" is the art and science of making objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials by the activeness of estrus. Information technology excludes drinking glass and mosaic made from glass tesserae.

Conceptual art

Conceptual art is fine art wherein the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused practise of idea-based art that oft defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation as text.[20] Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s,[21] its popular usage, specially in the Great britain, developed as a synonym for all contemporary art that does not practise the traditional skills of painting and sculpture.

Cartoon

Drawing is a ways of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It more often than not involves making marks on a surface past applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colour pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which tin can simulate the furnishings of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a drafter, draftswoman, or draughtsman.[22] Drawing tin be used to create art used in cultural industries such as illustrations, comics and animation. Comics are often chosen the "9th fine art" (le neuvième art) in Francophone scholarship, calculation to the traditional "Seven Arts".[23]

Painting

Painting is a way of creative expression, and can be done in numerous forms. Drawing, gesture (every bit in gestural painting), composition, narration (every bit in narrative art), or abstraction (as in abstract art), among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner.[24] Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (equally in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in Expressionism), or political in nature (as in Artivism).

Modernistic painters have extended the do considerably to include, for example, collage. Collage is not painting in the strict sense since it includes other materials. Some modernistic painters incorporate unlike materials such equally sand, cement, harbinger, wood or strands of hair for their artwork texture. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet or Anselm Kiefer.

Photography

Photography as an art class refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the creative vision of the photographer. Art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism, which provides a visual business relationship for news events, and commercial photography, the chief focus of which is to annunciate products or services.

Sculpture

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in 3 dimensions. Information technology is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metallic, ceramics, wood and other materials; but since modernism, shifts in sculptural process led to an near complete freedom of materials and procedure. A broad diverseness of materials may be worked by removal such equally carving, assembled past welding or modelling, or moulded, or cast.

Literary arts

Literature is literally "associate with letters" as in the commencement sense given in the Oxford English language Dictionary. The noun "literature" comes from the Latin discussion littera meaning "an individual written character (letter of the alphabet)." The term has generally come to identify a collection of writings, which in Western culture are mainly prose (both fiction and non-fiction), drama and poetry. In much, if not all of the world, the creative linguistic expression tin can be oral as well, and include such genres as ballsy, fable, myth, ballad, other forms of oral verse, and as folktale. Comics, the combination of drawings or other visual arts with narrating literature, are often called the "ninth fine art" (le neuvième art) in Francophone scholarship.[23]

Performing arts

Performing arts comprise trip the light fantastic, music, theatre, opera, mime, and other art forms in which a human operation is the principal production. Performing arts are distinguished by this performance element in contrast with disciplines such as visual and literary arts where the product is an object that does not require a operation to be observed and experienced. Each field of study in the performing arts is temporal in nature, meaning the product is performed over a period of fourth dimension. Products are broadly categorized as being either repeatable (for instance, past script or score) or improvised for each functioning.[25] Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audition are chosen performers, including actors, magicians, comedians, dancers, musicians, and singers. Performing arts are also supported by the services of other artists or essential workers, such as songwriting and stagecraft. Performers often adapt their appearance with tools such equally costume and stage makeup.

Dance

Dance (from Onetime French dancier, of unknown origin) mostly refers to human movement either used equally a course of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting.[26] Dance is besides used to describe methods of non-exact communication (run into body linguistic communication) betwixt humans or animals (e.yard. bee trip the light fantastic toe, mating dance), movement in inanimate objects (e.g. the leaves danced in the wind), and certain musical forms or genres. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social, cultural, aesthetic, artistic and moral constraints and range from functional movement (such equally Folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such equally ballet. In sports, gymnastics, figure skating and synchronized swimming are trip the light fantastic toe disciplines while Martial arts "kata" are oftentimes compared to dances.

Music

Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence, occurring in time. Common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, metre, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to civilisation and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their reproduction in performance) through improvisational music to aleatoric pieces. Music tin be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Inside "the arts", music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.

Theatre

Theatre or theater (from Greek theatron (θέατρον); from theasthai, "behold"[27]) is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in forepart of an audition using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle – indeed, any i or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue fashion, theatre takes such forms as opera, ballet, mime, kabuki, classical Indian trip the light fantastic toe, Chinese opera and mummers' plays.

Multidisciplinary artistic works

Areas exist in which creative works incorporate multiple artistic fields, such equally moving picture, opera and operation art. While opera is often categorized in the performing arts of music, the word itself is Italian for "works", because opera combines several artistic disciplines in a atypical artistic experience. In a typical traditional opera, the entire work utilizes the following: the sets (visual arts), costumes (fashion), acting (dramatic performing arts), the libretto, or the words/story (literature), and singers and an orchestra (music).

The composer Richard Wagner recognized the fusion of so many disciplines into a single work of opera, exemplified past his cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ("The Ring of the Nibelung"). He did not use the term opera for his works, but instead Gesamtkunstwerk ("synthesis of the arts"), sometimes referred to as "Music Drama" in English, emphasizing the literary and theatrical components which were as important equally the music. Classical ballet is another form which emerged in the 17th century in which orchestral music is combined with dance.

Other works in the tardily 19th, 20th and 21st centuries have fused other disciplines in unique and creative ways, such as performance art. Performance fine art is a performance over time which combines any number of instruments, objects, and art within a predefined or less well-defined structure, some of which can exist improvised. Functioning art may be scripted, unscripted, random or advisedly organized; fifty-fifty audience participation may occur. John Cage is regarded by many equally a performance artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term. He did not compose for traditional ensembles. Cage'south composition Living Room Music composed in 1940 is a "quartet" for unspecified instruments, really non-melodic objects, which can be establish in a living room of a typical house, hence the title.

Other arts

There is no clear line betwixt art and culture. Cultural fields similar gastronomy are sometimes considered as arts.[28]

Applied arts

The practical arts are the application of blueprint and ornamentation to everyday, functional, objects to make them aesthetically pleasing.[29] The applied arts includes fields such equally industrial design, illustration, and commercial art.[30] The term "applied art" is used in distinction to the fine arts, where the latter is divers equally arts that aims to produce objects which are beautiful or provide intellectual stimulation but have no primary everyday function. In practise, the ii often overlap.

Video games

A argue exists in the fine arts and video game cultures over whether video games can be counted as an art form.[31] Game designer Hideo Kojima professes that video games are a type of service, not an art grade, because they are meant to entertain and attempt to entertain as many people as possible, rather than being a single artistic voice (despite Kojima himself existence considered a gaming auteur, and the mixed opinions his games typically receive). However, he best-selling that since video games are made upwardly of artistic elements (for example, the visuals), game designers could be considered museum curators – not creating artistic pieces, but arranging them in a way that displays their artistry and sells tickets.

Within social sciences, cultural economists evidence how video games playing is conducive to the involvement in more traditional art forms and cultural practices, which suggests the complementarity between video games and the arts.[32]

In May 2011, the National Endowment of the Arts included video games in its redefinition of what is considered a "piece of work of art" when applying for a grant.[33] In 2012, the Smithsonian American Fine art Museum presented an exhibit, The Art of the Video Game.[34] Reviews of the exhibit were mixed, including questioning whether video games belong in an fine art museum.

Arts criticism

  • Architecture criticism
  • Fine art criticism
  • Dance criticism
  • Picture criticism
  • Music criticism
  • Television criticism
  • Theatre criticism
  • Literary criticism

Run across also

  • Arts in educational activity
  • The arts and politics

Notes

  1. ^ The term Art comes from the Latin ars, artis.
  2. ^ Historically, science has long been opposed to art, because art was characterised as a discipline that could not be learned (different science).

References

  1. ^ Valéry 1935, p. 683.
  2. ^ "Définition de l'art" [Definition of art] (in French). Éditions Larousse. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved vii June 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Art Definition: Meaning, Classification of Visual Arts". visual-arts-cork.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  4. ^ "The arts definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  5. ^ "Definition of The Arts past Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on one June 2017. Retrieved xiv May 2017.
  6. ^ Van Military camp 2006.
  7. ^ Hemingway 2003, p. 11.
  8. ^ "Définition de Beaux-Arts" [Definition of Fine Arts] (in French). Bayard Presse. Archived from the original on viii June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020. The fine arts include painting, sculpture, certain graphic arts and architecture. Music and poetry are sometimes called art.
  9. ^ "Définition de arts appliqués" [Definition of applied arts] (in French). Fifty'Internaute. Archived from the original on eight June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020. The applied arts bring together under one imprint all the activities that bring an aesthetic side to everyday life. These arts are proficient by designers, who are in charge of embellishing what surrounds the individual.
  10. ^ St. Fleur 2018, p. 10.
  11. ^ Morley 2013, pp. 38–39.
  12. ^ Morley 2013, pp. 42–43.
  13. ^ Diedrich 2015, p. i.
  14. ^ Onions, Friedrichsen & Burchfield 1991, p. 994.
  15. ^ "Quadrivium". The New International Encyclopædia. 1905 – via Wikisource. The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy.
  16. ^ In his commentary on Martianus Capella'due south early fifth century work, The Union of Philology and Mercury, one of the main sources for medieval reflection on the liberal arts
  17. ^ Rowlands & Landauer 2001.
  18. ^ Ryynänen, Max (2020). On the Philosophy of Central European Art: The History of an Institution and Its Global Competitors. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 37. ISBN978-ane-7936-3418-4.
  19. ^ Harper 2016.
  20. ^ LeWitt 1967, pp. 79–83.
  21. ^ Huntsman 2015, p. 221.
  22. ^ "The definition of draftsman". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  23. ^ a b Miller 2007, p. 23.
  24. ^ Perry 2014, p. 85.
  25. ^ Honderich 2006.
  26. ^ Fraleigh 1987, p. 3.
  27. ^ Harper, Douglas (2001–2016). "theater (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on thirty October 2016. Retrieved 29 Oct 2016.
  28. ^ Desai, DeSimone & Henig 2013.
  29. ^ Chilvers 2004, p. 29.
  30. ^ "Define Applied art at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved eight May 2018.
  31. ^ Parker 2012, p. 42.
  32. ^ Borowiecki & Prieto-Rodriguez 2013, pp. 239–258.
  33. ^ Barber 2012.
  34. ^ Parker 2012, p. 46.

Sources

  • Chilvers, Ian (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art (tertiary ed.). Oxford: Oxford Academy Press. ISBN978-0-19-860476-1.
  • Fraleigh, Sondra Horton (1987). Trip the light fantastic and the Lived Torso: A Descriptive Aesthetics. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Printing. ISBN978-0-8229-7170-2.
  • Hemingway, Ernest (2003) [1932]. "1". Death in the Afternoon (1st Scribner merchandise pbk. ed.). New York: Charles Scribner'due south Sons. ISBN978-0-684-85922-4.
  • Honderich, Ted (2006). The Oxford companion to philosophy. Oxford Academy Printing. doi:ten.1093/acref/9780199264797.001.0001. ISBN978-0-19-926479-vii.
  • Huntsman, Penny (28 September 2015). Thinking About Art: A Thematic Guide to Art History. Chichester, W Sussex, UK: Wiley. ISBN978-i-118-90517-3.
  • Miller, Ann (2007). Reading bande dessinée : critical approaches to French-linguistic communication comic strip. ISBN978-1-84150-177-2.
  • Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human being Development, Archaeology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-923408-0.
  • Onions, Charles Talbut; Friedrichsen, George Washington Salisbury; Burchfield, Robert William (1991). The Oxford dictionary of English language etymology. Oxford: at The Clarendon Press. ISBN978-0-19-861112-seven.
  • LeWitt, Solomon (June 1967). "Paragraphs on Conceptual Fine art". Artforum. Vol. 5, no. 10. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  • Borowiecki, Karol J.; Prieto-Rodriguez, Juan (2013). "Video Games Playing: A substitute for cultural consumptions?". Journal of Cultural Economics. 39 (3): 239–258. CiteSeerXx.one.1.676.2381. doi:x.1007/s10824-014-9229-y. S2CID 49572910.
  • Diedrich, Cajus G. (1 April 2015). "'Neanderthal bone flutes': simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cavern bear cubs in European cave conduct dens". Open Science. 2 (4): 140022. Bibcode:2015RSOS....240022D. doi:x.1098/rsos.140022. PMC4448875. PMID 26064624.
  • Parker, Felan (12 December 2012). "An Art World for Artgames". Loading... 7 (11). ISSN 1923-2691. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  • Perry, Lincoln (Summer 2014). "The Music of Painting". The American Scholar. 83 (3).
  • Barber, Bonnie (sixteen August 2012). "Professor Mary Flanagan Participates in White Business firm Consortium". Darthmouth News. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  • St. Fleur, Nicholas (12 September 2018). "Oldest Known Drawing by Human Hands Discovered in S African Cave". The New York Times. Archived from the original on xiv April 2020. Retrieved 7 Apr 2020.
  • Desai, Trex; DeSimone, Frank; Henig, Sarit (20 December 2013). "The New Face of French Gastronomy - Knowledge@Wharton". noesis.wharton.upenn.edu. Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  • "The Art of Video Games". SI.edu. Smithsonian American Fine art Museum. Archived from the original on ten January 2011. Retrieved vii March 2015.
  • "Conceptual art". Tate Glossary. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved seven March 2015.
  • "FY 2012 Arts in Media Guidelines". Endow.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  • Harper, Douglas (2016). "Origin and meaning of builder by Online Etymology Lexicon". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  • Rowlands, Joseph; Landauer, Jeff (2001). "Esthetics". Importance of Philosophy. Archived from the original on xvi April 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
  • Van Camp, Julie (22 November 2006). "Congressional definition of "the arts"". PHIL 361I: Philosophy of Art. California Country University, Long Beach. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 28 Oct 2016.
  • Valéry, Paul (1 November 1935). "Notion générale de l'art" [General concept of art] (PDF). Nouvelle Revue Française (in French). Vol. 24, no. 266. Paris: Éditions Gallimard. pp. 683–693. ISBN978-2-07-239508-6. Archived from the original on eight June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

Further reading

  • Barron, Christina (29 April 2012). "Museum exhibit asks: Is it art if yous push 'start'?". The Washington Mail. Archived from the original on iv June 2013. Retrieved 12 Feb 2013.
  • Feynman, Richard (1985). QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Thing . Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0-691-02417-2.
  • Gibson, Ellie (24 January 2006). "Games aren't art, says Kojima". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  • Kennicott, Philip (18 March 2012). "The Art of Video Games". The Washington Mail service. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.

External links

  • Media related to The arts at Wikimedia Commons
  • Topic Dictionaries at Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
  • Definition of Fine art by Lexico

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts#:~:text=Prominent%20examples%20of%20the%20arts,folk%20art%20and%20handicraft%2C%20oral

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